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This excerpt is adapted from The essential guide to CBD by the editors of Reader’s Digest and Project CBD.
Cannabis has been part of the pharmacopoeia, or branch of medical science that studies drugs and medicinal preparations, from many cultures throughout history.
Like many other plants, cannabis plants secrete a sticky tar-shaped residue called resin. In cannabis plants, the resin is found inside the heads of small mushroom-shaped trichomes, which are found mainly in the flower buds of the plant and, to a lesser extent, in the leaves. The resin contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): The compound that causes the high fame of cannabis and cannabidiol (CBD), along with hundreds of other cannabinoids and terpenes. Traditionally, these flowers, which we usually call marijuana, harvested by hand, dried, trimmed and cured. The flowers are then consumed for their medicinal and / or intoxicating effects.
Israeli scientist Raphael Mechoulam, one of the world’s leading authorities in CBD, has described the cannabis plant as a “treasure” of medicinal value with the potential to treat a wide variety of different diseases. CBD i THC they can be considered the crown jewels of this treasure, but they are just two of the more than one hundred related plant compounds called phytocannabinoids, lipid-based molecules (fats) that are unique to the cannabis plant and give it its therapeutic potential. The plant is also rich in compounds called terpenes and flavonoids, which work together CBD i THC to create an “entourage effect” that is superior to the effect of any of the molecules alone.
A Yin-Yang relationship
CBD i THC have some yin-yang relationship. Both of us CBD i THC can provide significant health and wellness benefits; but unlike THC, CBD it doesn’t make a person feel “stoned.” This is so CBD i THC they act in different ways on different receptors in the brain and body.
THC, the main psychoactive component of marijuana, makes a person feel high by binding to specific receptors in the brain and central nervous system. CBDon the contrary, it can decrease or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC, depending on the amount of each compound consumed. This is why people who use medical marijuana sometimes choose products with a relatively low content THC and rich in CBD. They want the health benefits of cannabis without the high – or low – high. This is possible, thanks to CBD.
There is compelling evidence that CBD works best in combination with THC and the whole spectrum of other components of cannabis. Just as eating a whole carrot is better than taking a beta-carotene supplement, whole cannabis remedies can be more effective than low-carb ones.THC the head-THC products.
This is important as we consider the medicinal benefits of CBD (and when you choose CBD products) because, when scientists conduct research on CBD, usually use a single isolated molecule CBD produced in biochemical laboratories. On the contrary, when CBD is part of the oil that is extracted from the whole plant, not just includes CBD i THC but also more than 400 trace compounds, many of which may also have medicinal benefits.
Scientists have studied (and patients have been consuming) others CBDrelated molecules that have exciting therapeutic potential, e.g. CBDA i CBG. CBDA is the acidic and raw form of CBD which exists in growth CBD– Rich plant before being harvested, dried and heated and can be even more effective against nausea than CBD or THC. cannabigerol (CBG) is another cannabinoid that has medicinal value as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, bone stimulant and anti-cancer molecule.
“The Together Effect”
Researchers have found that many of these compounds interact synergistically to create a “follow-up effect” or “joint effect.” Just as a star opera singer sounds great on his own, but creates a greater impact as part of a cast of supporting singers, these countless compounds magnify the benefits of the individual components of the plant so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.
Some of the main “security singers” in this environment are the terpenes. Terpenes are aromatic molecules that evaporate easily and create a strong fragrance. You may not know their names, but you already know these compounds because they are rooted in your life. The fresh aroma of lemon peel comes from the terpene lemonade. The refreshing aroma flowing through a pine forest comes from the terpene with the proper name pine.
Terpenes are the most common type of compound in the botanical world; there are hundreds of terpenes among all strains of cannabis and there can be 20 to 40 types of terpenes in a single cannabis plant. The fragrance and flavor of any given cannabis product is determined by its predominant terpenes. Nature designed these pungent oils to protect plants by attracting beneficial insects or repelling harmful ones and herders, as well as preventing harmful fungi. It turns out that terpenes are healthy for both people and plants.
Pinene, which is found not only in pine and other conifer oils, but also in rosemary, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Beta-caryophilic, a terpene found in black pepper, oregano, green leafy vegetables and various cannabis strains may be good for treating certain ulcers and autoimmune disorders. Linalool, the dominant terpene of lavender, alters the activity of brain waves and promotes relaxation.
Terpens beneficial
Some terpene compounds (called terpenoids) increase blood flow. Others improve brain activity and kill germs, including MRSA, antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have killed the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. An article by Dr. Ethan Russo published in British Journal of Pharmacology reports the findings of multiple studies showing that cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions (which produce follow-up effects) could work well for more effective treatment of pain, inflammation, depression, anxiety, addiction, epilepsy, cancer and infections.
Terpenes can increase the beneficial effects in several ways CBD i THC. Research shows that terpenes can help cannabinoids CBD i THC cross the blood-brain barrier and access your system more easily. Some terpenes may facilitate transdermal absorption to allow topical treatments to pass through the skin.
It is important to keep this follow-up effect in mind when reading the results of scientific studies. When a study reports that a certain dose of CBD it had no effect, that doesn’t necessarily mean that CBD out of order. Any dose of a single molecule CBD is not the same drug as the same dose of CBD-Rich rich vegetable cannabis extract. You often need considerably higher doses of an isolate CBD product to get the same benefits you might find with a smaller amount of whole plant CBD extract due to the effect of the entourage.
(…)Martin A. Lee is the Project Director CBD and the author of Smoke Signals: The Social History of Marijuana: Medical, Recreational, and Scientific.
Copyright, project CBD. Cannot reprint without permission.
Sources
- Stacey Kerr Project, “Managing Cannabis Nausea” CBD, February 26, 2018.
- Conversations on cannabis, “New developments in cannabis medicine with Bonni Goldstein, MD“
- Project CBD, (March 9, 2020).
- Kyoung Sang Cho, Lim, Young-ran, Kyungho Lee, Jaeseok Lee, Jang Ho Lee and Im-Soon Lee, “Terpenes
- of Forests and Human Health, ”Toxicological Research 33, No. 2 (April 2017): 97-106.
- Peir Hossein Koulivand, Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri and Ali Gorji, “Lavender and the Nervous System”
- Complementary and alternative medicine based on evidence (March 14, 2013).
- Ethan B. Russo, “Domar THC: Potential synergy of cannabis and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage
- Effects “, British Journal of Pharmacology 163, No. 7 (August 2011): 1344-64.
- Katrina Weston Green, “The United Chemicals of Cannabis: Beneficial Effects of Cannabis Phytochemicalson the Brain and Cognition,” Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Research, Willard J. Costain and Robert B. Laprairie, IntechOpen.
- Project “Terpens and” Effect of the entourage ” CBD.
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